TailMyPicks

Check any Polymarket wallet’s real record.

Tennis · resolved market

Delray Beach Open: Learner Tien vs Frances Tiafoe

Rebuilt .

What this market resolved to

Winning outcome
Tienof Tien, Tiafoe
Resolved
US/Eastern, the zone Polymarket writes its markets in
Scored in
Tennisevery record on this page is that Category’s
Volume Polymarket published
$323,176
Volume TailMyPicks’s own read summed
$341,842

Both are shown because TailMyPicks only trusts a market it can reconcile: it reads every trade itself and compares its own total against the venue’s before scoring anything. The threshold below was applied to $323,176 the venue’s figure.

Every figure here describes what TailMyPicks scored — positions held to resolution in markets that cleared the thresholds below. It is not a Polymarket account balance, and open positions are not counted anywhere on this site.

Who was on this market

The 100 largest positions, of 254 wallets holding a qualified pick here — biggest first. This page details 100 at most, and the number beside it is the real one. Ordered by position size rather than by score, because this is a post-mortem of one market — a strong wallet’s small pick does not belong above a large committed one. Each wallet’s record in Tennis is on its own row, so one correct call here is not mistaken for a track record.

On this marketThis wallet’s whole record in Tennis
WalletEntryPositionResultP/L heldQualified picksWin ratevs expectedRealizable edgeAvg entryROI per pickTail Score
0xd6a3…9489backed Tiafoe38c14,722$5,572 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$5,571.522,74630.8%846 W · 1,900 L-67.1wins-0.02per pick33cpaid-36.1%equal weight47-0.02 edge/pick
0xd8db…ccfbbacked Tiafoe23c12,250$2,787 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$2,787.4918756.1%105 W · 82 L-3.5wins-0.02per pick58cpaid-8.1%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x7197…14c8backed Tiafoe35c11,899$4,203 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$4,203.127152.1%37 W · 34 L+2.9wins+0.04per pick48cpaid+16.5%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xee61…debfbacked Tiafoe54c10,346$5,549 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$5,549.272,86544.3%1,269 W · 1,596 L+6.0wins0.00per pick44cpaid-20.8%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x0866…a1d5backed Tiafoe21c7,978$1,658 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1,658.2116339.3%64 W · 99 L+3.5wins+0.02per pick37cpaid-2.2%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x046c…2a9cbacked Tien69c7,197$5,000 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$2,196.8635247.2%166 W · 186 L-23.2wins-0.07per pick54cpaid-16.5%equal weight43-0.06 edge/pick
0xada5…db70backed Tiafoe37c6,407$2,372 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$2,372.2638133.9%129 W · 252 L-3.8wins-0.01per pick35cpaid-1.6%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x2d05…6f11backed Tien62c5,819$3,585 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$2,234.397850%39 W · 39 L+0.2wins0.00per pick50cpaid-2.1%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x2b85…bf37backed Tien43c5,301$2,256 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$3,044.6779951.1%408 W · 391 L+9.3wins+0.01per pick50cpaid-5.4%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xa36c…5754backed Tiafoe39c5,181$2,009 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$2,008.9542042.6%179 W · 241 L-11.0wins-0.03per pick45cpaid-10%equal weight47-0.02 edge/pick
0x4b9f…e125backed Tien63c5,000$3,150 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$1,849.995644.6%25 W · 31 L-3.9wins-0.07per pick52cpaid-21.2%equal weight45-0.05 edge/pick
0x479e…91c3backed Tiafoe77c4,499$3,461 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$3,461.2144163.7%281 W · 160 L-6.8wins-0.02per pick65cpaid-4.4%equal weight48-0.01 edge/pick
0xa1b3…0329backed Tien30c4,114$1,224 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$2,890.6710440.4%42 W · 62 L+6.3wins+0.06per pick34cpaid+14%equal weight55+0.05 edge/pick
0x507e…beaebacked Tiafoe54c3,625$1,944 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1,944.237,01843.2%3,031 W · 3,987 L+124.9wins+0.02per pick41cpaid-9.8%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0xc3e4…5bf6backed Tien63c3,600$2,284 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$1,31620653.4%110 W · 96 L+1.3wins+0.01per pick53cpaid-5.6%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x33c9…6f9abacked Tien60c3,320$1,985 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$1,334.6693055.8%519 W · 411 L+23.8wins+0.03per pick53cpaid+1.1%equal weight53+0.02 edge/pick
0x59f4…c1f1backed Tiafoe38c3,264$1,248 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1,247.518237.9%69 W · 113 L-2.5wins-0.01per pick39cpaid-5.7%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x57c8…3d9bbacked Tien62c3,258$2,034 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$1,224.2819052.1%99 W · 91 L-12.9wins-0.07per pick59cpaid-13.1%equal weight43-0.06 edge/pick
0x33dd…ef8abacked Tiafoe37c3,000$1,110 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1,109.996350.8%32 W · 31 L-2.0wins-0.03per pick54cpaid-8.6%equal weight47-0.02 edge/pick
0xe2bb…ea55backed Tiafoe39c3,000$1,170 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1,169.9712147.1%57 W · 64 L+4.7wins+0.04per pick43cpaid+4.4%equal weight54+0.03 edge/pick
0x6b7c…5f83backed Tien70c2,862$2,013 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$8492,42647.3%1,148 W · 1,278 L+45.2wins+0.02per pick45cpaid-13.4%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x9d8a…5201backed Tiafoe38c2,500$950 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$949.991,42128.6%407 W · 1,014 L+4.5wins0.00per pick28cpaid-8.8%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x6e3e…e3ebbacked Tien73c2,240$1,637 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$603.29567.4%64 W · 31 L+0.1wins0.00per pick67cpaid-0.1%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xcd9b…414dbacked Tien61c2,050$1,251 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$799.622138.1%8 W · 13 L-2.7wins-0.13per pick51cpaid-30.8%equal weight43-0.06 edge/pick
0xe81e…3640backed Tiafoe38c2,004$760 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$76012944.2%57 W · 72 L-5.6wins-0.04per pick49cpaid-10.4%equal weight46-0.04 edge/pick
0x3c7e…a65fbacked Tien63c2,000$1,260 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$7405860.3%35 W · 23 L+2.3wins+0.04per pick56cpaid+0.3%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xd1fd…abf9backed Tien65c2,000$1,295 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$7058762.1%54 W · 33 L+3.9wins+0.04per pick58cpaid+1.4%equal weight54+0.03 edge/pick
0x2755…fef0backed Tiafoe8c1,918$150 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$15022634.5%78 W · 148 L-2.2wins-0.01per pick36cpaid-10.9%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x1455…e5cdbacked Tiafoe38c1,767$665 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$664.531332.3%101 W · 212 L-6.2wins-0.02per pick34cpaid-2.5%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x68dd…f0b2backed Tiafoe37c1,725$638 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$638.156552.3%34 W · 31 L+0.2wins0.00per pick52cpaid-7.1%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xd1ed…d7cbbacked Tien72c1,700$1,217 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$483.4565647.6%312 W · 344 L+17.8wins+0.03per pick45cpaid-12.2%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xa4e1…d80bbacked Tien61c1,639$1,000 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$639.348555.3%47 W · 38 L-0.2wins0.00per pick56cpaid-3.4%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x2652…2a1dbacked Tien76c1,623$1,225 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$397.462,48945.2%1,126 W · 1,363 L-27.4wins-0.01per pick46cpaid-21.5%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x1fb7…fb66backed Tien55c1,601$886 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$714.8553644.8%240 W · 296 L-20.2wins-0.04per pick49cpaid-18.3%equal weight46-0.04 edge/pick
0xec5b…aff2backed Tien63c1,593$999 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$593.7211046.4%51 W · 59 L+1.2wins+0.01per pick45cpaid+9.8%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x9206…42a6backed Tien63c1,587$1,000 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$587.35858.6%34 W · 24 L-4.3wins-0.07per pick66cpaid-11.8%equal weight44-0.05 edge/pick
0xaea0…0decbacked Tien56c1,587$888 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$698.797046.6%452 W · 518 L-8.0wins-0.01per pick47cpaid-17.5%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0xe911…3d4ebacked Tien65c1,568$1,012 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$556.124,42651.8%2,291 W · 2,135 L+136.7wins+0.03per pick49cpaid+0.4%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x8ce6…2e69backed Tien64c1,551$1,000 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$550.973554.3%19 W · 16 L-1.7wins-0.05per pick59cpaid-16.9%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x09ad…819ebacked Tien65c1,544$1,000 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$544.248060%48 W · 32 L+2.7wins+0.03per pick57cpaid-7.2%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xc4c9…9ee4backed Tien35c1,530$529 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$1,000.4635730.5%109 W · 248 L-11.4wins-0.03per pick34cpaid-12.7%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x0a63…fc03backed Tien62c1,500$930 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$5702544%11 W · 14 L-0.3wins-0.01per pick45cpaid-5.9%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x344b…f7fcbacked Tien55c1,457$797 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$660.2699044.8%444 W · 546 L-10.8wins-0.01per pick46cpaid-17.8%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0xdc16…40a5backed Tiafoe40c1,383$550 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$5501,11842.8%479 W · 639 L-7.3wins-0.01per pick43cpaid-2.5%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x4b29…1f46backed Tien65c1,300$844 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$455.381266.7%8 W · 4 L+2.4wins+0.20per pick47cpaid+25.8%equal weight57+0.06 edge/pick
0x204f…5e14backed Tien42c1,283$536 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$747.148,21745.5%3,737 W · 4,480 L+166.6wins+0.02per pick43cpaid-16.3%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x1909…a2c9backed Tien52c1,276$667 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$608.865362.3%33 W · 20 L+5.5wins+0.10per pick52cpaid+14%equal weight58+0.07 edge/pick
0xd218…b5c9backed Tiafoe5c1,268$69 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$68.76,72036.9%2,479 W · 4,241 L-95.8wins-0.01per pick38cpaid-20.5%equal weight48-0.01 edge/pick
0x0d42…f124backed Tiafoe28c1,250$354 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$353.7817933%59 W · 120 L-2.8wins-0.02per pick35cpaid-9.9%equal weight48-0.01 edge/pick
0xdbdd…a5debacked Tiafoe44c1,249$550 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$549.76,43954.4%3,502 W · 2,937 L+285.2wins+0.04per pick50cpaid+26.3%equal weight55+0.04 edge/pick
0x48de…95babacked Tiafoe23c1,076$250 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$25062545.4%284 W · 341 L-7.7wins-0.01per pick47cpaid-3.1%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0xb5e7…3c1abacked Tien62c887.99$551 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$337.4487251.1%446 W · 426 L+8.3wins+0.01per pick50cpaid+3.3%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xc49b…a5b8backed Tiafoe56c854.09$478 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$477.755242.3%22 W · 30 L-4.3wins-0.08per pick51cpaid-23.7%equal weight44-0.06 edge/pick
0xd37a…2358backed Tien63c823.44$515 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$307.951,97346.3%914 W · 1,059 L0.0wins0.00per pick46cpaid-2.9%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x6f3e…bcf8backed Tiafoe21c792.63$166 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$166.4976146.6%355 W · 406 L-1.0wins0.00per pick47cpaid-1.3%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xba86…9ab0backed Tiafoe38c784.76$299 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$29967239.1%263 W · 409 L-29.5wins-0.04per pick44cpaid-12.6%equal weight45-0.04 edge/pick
0xe6f0…5701backed Tiafoe46c776.99$359 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$359.3618644.6%83 W · 103 L+1.5wins+0.01per pick44cpaid-1.5%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xd038…8f51backed Tien57c749.44$427 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$322.024,28840.5%1,737 W · 2,551 L-139.3wins-0.03per pick44cpaid-20.5%equal weight46-0.03 edge/pick
0xbd52…df69backed Tiafoe36c726.84$262 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$261.6626545.3%120 W · 145 L+5.0wins+0.02per pick43cpaid0%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x7705…a442backed Tiafoe38c699.95$266 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$265.9849632.3%160 W · 336 L-4.1wins-0.01per pick33cpaid-8%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x53fa…1a66backed Tien64c674.4$432 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$242.653275%24 W · 8 L+3.0wins+0.09per pick66cpaid+15.3%equal weight56+0.05 edge/pick
0x4cbf…70a1backed Tiafoe48c671.77$320 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$320.023461.8%21 W · 13 L+2.5wins+0.07per pick54cpaid+14.4%equal weight55+0.04 edge/pick
0xff81…44c9backed Tiafoe37c667.57$247 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$2471,26756.6%717 W · 550 L-18.5wins-0.01per pick58cpaid-2%equal weight48-0.01 edge/pick
0x9d94…017dbacked Tien26c629.16$166 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$463.192,06834.9%721 W · 1,347 L-44.2wins-0.02per pick37cpaid-25.6%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x8816…7738backed Tiafoe8c593.88$48 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$47.511,10650.3%556 W · 550 L-21.2wins-0.02per pick52cpaid-4.3%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x49ed…a2fbbacked Tiafoe37c581$215 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$214.9720043.5%87 W · 113 L+6.7wins+0.03per pick40cpaid+2%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x0f8e…3082backed Tiafoe27c573.05$152 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$152.141,21841.1%500 W · 718 L-30.1wins-0.02per pick44cpaid-16%equal weight47-0.02 edge/pick
0x6dd8…39b1backed Tien62c541.44$335 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$206.7618248.9%89 W · 93 L+5.3wins+0.03per pick46cpaid-0.5%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xc7e5…2d3abacked Tien19c534.84$100 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$434.847618.4%14 W · 62 L-1.0wins-0.01per pick20cpaid-31.7%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x2ea3…b910backed Tien60c530.5$319 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$211.984658.7%27 W · 19 L+0.2wins0.00per pick58cpaid+1.1%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x480e…71e9backed Tien62c530$329 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$201.413560.7%82 W · 53 L+4.8wins+0.04per pick57cpaid+5.5%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x6ac5…4b6ebacked Tiafoe35c527.75$186 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1861,80943.8%793 W · 1,016 L-2.2wins0.00per pick44cpaid-1.8%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xbebf…9baebacked Tien40c524.56$210 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$314.5790854.5%495 W · 413 L+21.5wins+0.02per pick52cpaid+0.8%equal weight53+0.02 edge/pick
0xfb31…7b95backed Tiafoe49c505.86$248 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$247.8768026.2%178 W · 502 L-24.5wins-0.04per pick30cpaid-18.5%equal weight46-0.03 edge/pick
0x48ee…0db4backed Tien40c501.5$200 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$301.554547.9%261 W · 284 L+11.6wins+0.02per pick46cpaid+1.5%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x9ceb…68e3backed Tien76c481.44$368 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$113.448056.3%45 W · 35 L-8.2wins-0.10per pick67cpaid-17.2%equal weight41-0.08 edge/pick
0x06c2…184fbacked Tien78c478$373 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$105.1624340.3%98 W · 145 L-11.6wins-0.05per pick45cpaid-12.1%equal weight45-0.04 edge/pick
0xba58…28c2backed Tiafoe21c476.81$98 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$97.9165652.1%342 W · 314 L+7.5wins+0.01per pick51cpaid-2.2%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x71f8…4a8fbacked Tien55c454.83$250 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$204.831225%3 W · 9 L-3.0wins-0.25per pick50cpaid-53.1%equal weight41-0.08 edge/pick
0x5b20…99e9backed Tien62c451.61$280 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$171.6143448.4%210 W · 224 L-5.4wins-0.01per pick50cpaid-3.6%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x84f7…ade1backed Tiafoe38c438$166 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$165.851,02833.6%345 W · 683 L-3.6wins0.00per pick34cpaid-5.8%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x9e83…2a73backed Tien21c429$91 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$337.74560%3 W · 2 L+1.4wins+0.29per pick31cpaid+122.7%equal weight55+0.05 edge/pick
0x4042…0bdabacked Tiafoe37c407.16$150 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$15098240.1%394 W · 588 L-7.1wins-0.01per pick41cpaid-1.2%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x9f0f…a571backed Tiafoe25c404.17$100 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$10037339.1%146 W · 227 L-11.7wins-0.03per pick42cpaid-12.9%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x7b2c…af48backed Tiafoe36c400$144 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$14446649.8%232 W · 234 L-2.9wins-0.01per pick50cpaid-2.4%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x4f90…a473backed Tien61c400$244 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$15612755.9%71 W · 56 L+2.4wins+0.02per pick54cpaid-0.1%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x78f7…2c5dbacked Tiafoe37c385$141 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$140.7824448.8%119 W · 125 L+17.1wins+0.07per pick42cpaid+23.3%equal weight57+0.06 edge/pick
0x4b5f…1ae6backed Tien26c384.62$100 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$284.6213826.1%36 W · 102 L-2.8wins-0.02per pick28cpaid-19.9%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0xa509…ae46backed Tiafoe42c372.38$155 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$155.36,78648.8%3,310 W · 3,476 L+56.2wins+0.01per pick48cpaid-15.5%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xa559…6dbbbacked Tiafoe55c367.96$202 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$202.3861953.3%330 W · 289 L+18.9wins+0.03per pick50cpaid-6.5%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x35ea…99bcbacked Tiafoe37c363$134 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$134.3124060.8%146 W · 94 L-0.5wins0.00per pick61cpaid-2.1%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x64ae…ead9backed Tiafoe40c350$140 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$14060641.6%252 W · 354 L-5.5wins-0.01per pick42cpaid-1%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0xaa00…7dc2backed Tien65c338.46$220 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$118.461100%1 W · 0 L+0.4wins+0.35per pick65cpaid+53.8%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x1e07…6a8ebacked Tien64c336.88$216 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$121.279144%40 W · 51 L-5.2wins-0.06per pick50cpaid-16.3%equal weight45-0.04 edge/pick
0x15fe…c871backed Tien19c323.53$62 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$261.616133.5%54 W · 107 L+0.2wins0.00per pick33cpaid-0.7%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x3be6…05b1backed Tien63c319.75$200 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$119.759955.6%55 W · 44 L+2.0wins+0.02per pick54cpaid-2.8%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x8090…42c1backed Tien63c317.46$200 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$117.4624560%147 W · 98 L+2.3wins+0.01per pick59cpaid+1.2%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xfcf1…99d3backed Tien63c317.46$200 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$117.4638652.3%202 W · 184 L-2.8wins-0.01per pick53cpaid-5.3%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x2dd7…a8adbacked Tien64c314.17$200 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$114.173154.8%17 W · 14 L-1.8wins-0.06per pick61cpaid-8.4%equal weight46-0.03 edge/pick
0x708d…e82bbacked Tien64c313.32$200 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$113.321560%9 W · 6 L+0.3wins+0.02per pick58cpaid-1.8%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick

Entry is the average price this wallet paid on the side it backed, so being right at 20c is distinguishable from being right at 95c. Position is what it was left holding in shares, with what it spent underneath. Result opens that one pick on a page of its own, which is the link to send somebody. P/L held is what that position would have been worth held to resolution — not cash the wallet withdrew, because selling early is still a correct forecast. The seven columns on the right describe the wallet’s whole record in Tennis and say nothing about this market.

The rest of this event

Polymarket sells these questions together. 5 in all. TailMyPicks has no name for an event — the venue publishes an identifier and no title — so they are listed by their own questions.

Not every trade counts. A Pick has to clear four thresholds to be scored.

TailMyPicks scores a wallet on what it can actually be judged on: positions held to resolution, in markets with enough volume to be real, at prices where being right was not already priced in.

  • The market traded at least $500.
  • The entry price was between 0.00 and 0.80 — a near-certainty is not a call.
  • The position was at least $10 — dust is not a position.
  • The market has resolved, so there is a right answer to grade against.

Thresholds behind these numbers: set by an operator decision, not measured.