TailMyPicks

Check any Polymarket wallet’s real record.

CS2 · resolved market

Counter-Strike: paiN Academy vs ALKA (BO3) - CCT South America Series 3 Group Stage

Rebuilt .

What this market resolved to

Winning outcome
ALKAof paiN Academy, ALKA
Resolved
US/Eastern, the zone Polymarket writes its markets in
Scored in
CS2every record on this page is that Category’s
Volume Polymarket published
$32,746
Volume TailMyPicks’s own read summed
$35,942

Both are shown because TailMyPicks only trusts a market it can reconcile: it reads every trade itself and compares its own total against the venue’s before scoring anything. The threshold below was applied to $32,746 the venue’s figure.

Every figure here describes what TailMyPicks scored — positions held to resolution in markets that cleared the thresholds below. It is not a Polymarket account balance, and open positions are not counted anywhere on this site.

Who was on this market

The 100 largest positions, of 139 wallets holding a qualified pick here — biggest first. This page details 100 at most, and the number beside it is the real one. Ordered by position size rather than by score, because this is a post-mortem of one market — a strong wallet’s small pick does not belong above a large committed one. Each wallet’s record in CS2 is on its own row, so one correct call here is not mistaken for a track record.

On this marketThis wallet’s whole record in CS2
WalletEntryPositionResultP/L heldQualified picksWin ratevs expectedRealizable edgeAvg entryROI per pickTail Score
0x29b5…cc6cbacked ALKA53c5,408$2,878 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$2,529.475,09555.1%2,805 W · 2,290 L+119.3wins+0.02per pick53cpaid+5.1%equal weight53+0.02 edge/pick
0x4713…4d21backed ALKA54c1,542$830 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$712.375,34131.3%1,674 W · 3,667 L-390.7wins-0.07per pick39cpaid-37.2%equal weight42-0.07 edge/pick
0x52b7…0aa1backed paiN Academy46c1,400$644 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$643.991,42333.6%478 W · 945 L+41.8wins+0.03per pick31cpaid+8.1%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xeef6…cd4cbacked paiN Academy46c1,289$593 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$59317448.3%84 W · 90 L-0.3wins0.00per pick48cpaid+1.6%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xe3e4…8087backed paiN Academy76c1,231$937 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$937.192722.2%6 W · 21 L-1.9wins-0.07per pick29cpaid-64%equal weight46-0.04 edge/pick
0x84ad…bfb7backed paiN Academy45c1,186$530 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$529.641,11054.2%602 W · 508 L+38.0wins+0.03per pick51cpaid-8.3%equal weight54+0.03 edge/pick
0xc34b…9296backed ALKA54c912.42$489 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$423.532,03053.7%1,091 W · 939 L+6.3wins0.00per pick53cpaid+2%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xeb4b…9f92backed paiN Academy46c900$418 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$41810863.9%69 W · 39 L+8.1wins+0.07per pick56cpaid+11.3%equal weight57+0.06 edge/pick
0xff34…694bbacked paiN Academy46c816.5$378 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$377.591,79059.2%1,060 W · 730 L+106.1wins+0.06per pick53cpaid+4.2%equal weight56+0.06 edge/pick
0xc4fe…601fbacked ALKA56c781.9$442 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$340.133,54429.3%1,037 W · 2,507 L-289.1wins-0.08per pick37cpaid-43.6%equal weight41-0.08 edge/pick
0xb20b…a3e1backed paiN Academy46c765$352 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$351.93836.8%14 W · 24 L-4.2wins-0.11per pick48cpaid-28.7%equal weight43-0.07 edge/pick
0x0e50…2609backed ALKA53c754.71$401 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$354.0161055.9%341 W · 269 L+10.0wins+0.02per pick54cpaid+4.5%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0xa9f5…937fbacked ALKA59c750.77$443 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$307.813,94936.5%1,443 W · 2,506 L-201.4wins-0.05per pick42cpaid-29.2%equal weight44-0.05 edge/pick
0xd218…b5c9backed ALKA57c646.65$366 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$280.611,59429.7%473 W · 1,121 L-88.1wins-0.06per pick35cpaid-39.2%equal weight44-0.05 edge/pick
0x1448…e868backed paiN Academy46c591.92$270 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$2707735.1%27 W · 50 L-6.0wins-0.08per pick43cpaid-26.2%equal weight43-0.06 edge/pick
0x5c18…2f76backed paiN Academy60c587.77$354 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$353.5889630.7%275 W · 621 L-64.4wins-0.07per pick38cpaid-35.8%equal weight42-0.07 edge/pick
0x1065…6218backed paiN Academy46c530.55$244 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$243.9948939.7%194 W · 295 L+7.2wins+0.01per pick38cpaid+4.3%equal weight52+0.01 edge/pick
0xebff…70e5backed ALKA62c500.46$311 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$189.782,77424.5%681 W · 2,093 L-295.8wins-0.11per pick35cpaid-50.7%equal weight38-0.11 edge/pick
0x0c99…0c88backed paiN Academy41c500$204 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$203.742,45644.5%1,093 W · 1,363 L-67.3wins-0.03per pick47cpaid-14.2%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x60ec…f7b0backed paiN Academy48c433.8$207 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$207.461,04153.1%553 W · 488 L+63.4wins+0.06per pick47cpaid+5.4%equal weight57+0.06 edge/pick
0x5135…7217backed ALKA51c419.03$215 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$204.031,65252.9%874 W · 778 L+60.8wins+0.04per pick49cpaid+7.2%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick
0x6376…0d2abacked paiN Academy49c412.77$202 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$202.2689248%428 W · 464 L-13.2wins-0.01per pick49cpaid-2.8%equal weight48-0.01 edge/pick
0x8935…7daabacked paiN Academy49c406.07$201 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$200.872,67247.8%1,277 W · 1,395 L-31.8wins-0.01per pick49cpaid-10.1%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0xefbc…b344backed ALKA61c400$244 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$15640542%170 W · 235 L-10.4wins-0.03per pick45cpaid-17%equal weight47-0.02 edge/pick
0xfd14…2267backed paiN Academy46c380.99$175 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$175.265,87637.7%2,213 W · 3,663 L+71.9wins+0.01per pick36cpaid+0.4%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x81ed…59f5backed ALKA61c365.98$222 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$143.984100%4 W · 0 L+1.6wins+0.39per pick61cpaid+65.1%equal weight56+0.05 edge/pick
0xbb8e…08c1backed ALKA49c346$170 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$175.632,39346.7%1,118 W · 1,275 L-53.1wins-0.02per pick49cpaid-14.4%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x8e34…4480backed paiN Academy47c302.18$143 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$142.5349935.1%175 W · 324 L-5.7wins-0.01per pick36cpaid-7.8%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0xb21b…88f9backed ALKA49c301.66$147 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$154.9448654.5%265 W · 221 L+14.7wins+0.03per pick52cpaid+6.9%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x1056…3c9dbacked paiN Academy54c299.99$162 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$1628336.1%30 W · 53 L-8.9wins-0.11per pick47cpaid-31.8%equal weight41-0.08 edge/pick
0xbe59…0d2ebacked paiN Academy47c299.99$141 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$14158343.6%254 W · 329 L+0.4wins0.00per pick43cpaid+0.5%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x6d3c…d294backed paiN Academy47c299.99$141 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$14164748.4%313 W · 334 L-10.0wins-0.02per pick50cpaid-1.6%equal weight48-0.01 edge/pick
0x6e54…511ebacked paiN Academy39c280$109 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$109.239944.1%176 W · 223 L+7.5wins+0.02per pick42cpaid+0.7%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0xdb83…1e50backed ALKA53c279.33$148 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$131.562,64551.9%1,372 W · 1,273 L+21.0wins+0.01per pick51cpaid-2%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xb27f…2c41backed ALKA54c259.73$140 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$119.4812752.8%67 W · 60 L+3.2wins+0.03per pick50cpaid+5.2%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x14a0…22bbbacked paiN Academy76c250$189 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$189.21,39365.9%918 W · 475 L+26.8wins+0.02per pick64cpaid+1.5%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0xbfda…5504backed paiN Academy40c250$100 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$10025442.1%107 W · 147 L-1.3wins-0.01per pick43cpaid+0.3%equal weight490.00 edge/pick
0x505f…645ebacked ALKA52c225$118 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$107.52,60552.6%1,371 W · 1,234 L+97.5wins+0.04per pick49cpaid-3.6%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick
0x9051…32d2backed paiN Academy53c224.93$120 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$12030859.1%182 W · 126 L+12.3wins+0.04per pick55cpaid+6.5%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick
0xe3e0…708fbacked paiN Academy47c217$102 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$101.993956.4%22 W · 17 L+5.2wins+0.13per pick43cpaid+22.3%equal weight59+0.08 edge/pick
0x9678…594bbacked ALKA53c216.77$115 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$101.882552%13 W · 12 L-0.8wins-0.03per pick55cpaid-7.9%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x6ed8…7559backed paiN Academy56c214.99$120 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$119.822150.2%111 W · 110 L+8.0wins+0.04per pick47cpaid+12.6%equal weight54+0.03 edge/pick
0x7029…1136backed paiN Academy47c212$100 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$99.6421351.2%109 W · 104 L+9.2wins+0.04per pick47cpaid+12%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick
0x83c4…3212backed ALKA54c200$108 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$9232461.4%199 W · 125 L+23.2wins+0.07per pick54cpaid+12.1%equal weight57+0.07 edge/pick
0xb600…4440backed ALKA42c200$84 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$11616546.1%76 W · 89 L+4.0wins+0.02per pick44cpaid+4.9%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x2529…548abacked paiN Academy45c196.28$89 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$88.583,23651.2%1,657 W · 1,579 L+88.9wins+0.03per pick48cpaid-6.1%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x0a7e…b805backed ALKA53c191$101 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$90.0421947.5%104 W · 115 L-5.1wins-0.02per pick50cpaid-5.1%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x44e8…d01cbacked ALKA60c189.29$114 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$75.23650%3 W · 3 L+0.3wins+0.05per pick45cpaid-13.6%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x2e3c…08babacked paiN Academy51c180.13$92 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$92.174,75443.6%2,071 W · 2,683 L-85.1wins-0.02per pick45cpaid-21.9%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x80d8…b703backed paiN Academy42c179.09$75 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$75.221,67651.1%857 W · 819 L+21.2wins+0.01per pick50cpaid-2.5%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xf908…0aafbacked paiN Academy47c170.21$80 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$8013332.3%43 W · 90 L-8.4wins-0.06per pick39cpaid-19.1%equal weight44-0.05 edge/pick
0xdbdd…a5debacked paiN Academy48c169.72$81 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$81.447,99050.4%4,029 W · 3,961 L+180.9wins+0.02per pick48cpaid-2.1%equal weight53+0.02 edge/pick
0xbb42…6e09backed ALKA54c162.96$88 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$74.9638049.5%188 W · 192 L-5.4wins-0.01per pick51cpaid-3.1%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x225e…ac2dbacked paiN Academy51c160.37$82 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$82.42676.9%20 W · 6 L+2.6wins+0.10per pick67cpaid+12.1%equal weight56+0.05 edge/pick
0xf1ee…519cbacked ALKA55c160$88 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$71.53,26745.5%1,485 W · 1,782 L-85.7wins-0.03per pick48cpaid-16.3%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x0d2d…7ff5backed paiN Academy43c156.27$68 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$67.8182142.5%349 W · 472 L-15.0wins-0.02per pick44cpaid-14.7%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0x267c…5bfdbacked paiN Academy39c154.67$60 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$60.1218055%99 W · 81 L+11.5wins+0.06per pick49cpaid+18.2%equal weight56+0.06 edge/pick
0xec8c…3bcdbacked paiN Academy45c153.92$69 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$69.2635131.1%109 W · 242 L-4.8wins-0.01per pick32cpaid-12.3%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x7e50…4b22backed paiN Academy49c150$74 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$73.55846.6%27 W · 31 L-3.6wins-0.06per pick53cpaid-12%equal weight45-0.04 edge/pick
0xad89…e006backed ALKA23c150$35 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$115.539540.3%159 W · 236 L+29.9wins+0.08per pick33cpaid+20.1%equal weight58+0.07 edge/pick
0x51db…f9b3backed paiN Academy41c144.29$59 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$59.246,50142.9%2,791 W · 3,710 L-79.3wins-0.01per pick44cpaid-21.9%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x904e…0becbacked paiN Academy55c143.25$78 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$78.365,03437.2%1,874 W · 3,160 L-260.4wins-0.05per pick42cpaid-32.6%equal weight44-0.05 edge/pick
0x14f3…0796backed paiN Academy29c136.82$40 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$39.9889046.1%410 W · 480 L-20.7wins-0.02per pick48cpaid-8.9%equal weight47-0.02 edge/pick
0x05ed…64fbbacked ALKA61c134.06$82 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$52.381060%6 W · 4 L+0.1wins+0.01per pick59cpaid-1.9%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xe544…c7afbacked paiN Academy50c134.03$67 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$66.768545.9%39 W · 46 L-2.0wins-0.02per pick48cpaid-4.2%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0xc7d0…1f8abacked paiN Academy44c131.92$59 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$58.631,59146.6%741 W · 850 L+30.3wins+0.02per pick45cpaid-11.4%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x85c3…700cbacked paiN Academy48c121.69$58 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$58.4127549.5%136 W · 139 L+8.5wins+0.03per pick46cpaid+6.5%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0xc925…6d24backed ALKA46c115.88$53 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$62.7120242.1%85 W · 117 L-12.8wins-0.06per pick48cpaid-28.2%equal weight44-0.06 edge/pick
0xbfd7…f0bfbacked paiN Academy45c106.96$48 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$48.135,58047.2%2,632 W · 2,948 L+47.0wins+0.01per pick46cpaid-4.2%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x5929…4684backed ALKA56c102.73$58 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$45.24,09951%2,091 W · 2,008 L+74.6wins+0.02per pick49cpaid-6.1%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x5505…aa44backed paiN Academy46c102.43$47 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$47.1240341.7%168 W · 235 L+7.1wins+0.02per pick40cpaid+3.9%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x57b2…9da2backed paiN Academy48c100$48 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$47.5533844.4%150 W · 188 L+10.7wins+0.03per pick41cpaid+13.2%equal weight53+0.03 edge/pick
0x9696…2bc3backed ALKA54c100$54 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$4636457.1%208 W · 156 L+12.6wins+0.03per pick54cpaid+11.2%equal weight54+0.03 edge/pick
0x8ed1…908cbacked paiN Academy46c100$46 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$4620637.9%78 W · 128 L-6.3wins-0.03per pick41cpaid-12.2%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x978e…4525backed paiN Academy46c97.83$45 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$451752.9%9 W · 8 L+0.4wins+0.03per pick50cpaid-5%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0xd02a…4771backed paiN Academy46c95.43$44 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$43.919245.8%88 W · 104 L+0.1wins0.00per pick46cpaid-2%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0xd2ad…a700backed paiN Academy35c91$32 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$31.857152.1%37 W · 34 L+4.1wins+0.06per pick46cpaid+7.3%equal weight55+0.04 edge/pick
0x5e2a…4fd0backed paiN Academy45c90$41 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$40.55742.1%24 W · 33 L-3.3wins-0.06per pick48cpaid-10.6%equal weight46-0.04 edge/pick
0x7f3d…95b1backed paiN Academy46c86.96$40 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$406429.7%19 W · 45 L-8.4wins-0.13per pick43cpaid-38.2%equal weight40-0.09 edge/pick
0x94d2…cfbdbacked ALKA53c85.92$45 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$40.752,14347.3%1,013 W · 1,130 L-61.0wins-0.03per pick50cpaid-18.2%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x009c…049bbacked paiN Academy47c85.11$40 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$4010845.4%49 W · 59 L-5.1wins-0.05per pick50cpaid-12.5%equal weight46-0.04 edge/pick
0x349e…867bbacked paiN Academy46c84.19$39 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$38.9974653.5%399 W · 347 L+9.7wins+0.01per pick52cpaid-1.9%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x9991…36b8backed ALKA54c80.91$43 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$37.4621755.8%121 W · 96 L-1.3wins-0.01per pick56cpaid-2.7%equal weight49-0.01 edge/pick
0x4bb3…ed90backed paiN Academy50c80$40 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$406060%36 W · 24 L+0.7wins+0.01per pick59cpaid+1.9%equal weight51+0.01 edge/pick
0x42dd…5d2bbacked paiN Academy47c78.77$37 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$37.025442.6%23 W · 31 L-1.8wins-0.03per pick46cpaid-4%equal weight48-0.02 edge/pick
0xf66e…14b7backed paiN Academy43c75$32 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$32.0945754.5%249 W · 208 L+18.2wins+0.04per pick51cpaid+1.1%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick
0xb155…ca84backed ALKA49c75$37 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$37.932139.9%128 W · 193 L-13.1wins-0.04per pick44cpaid-21.6%equal weight46-0.04 edge/pick
0x782b…ff64backed ALKA51c74.62$38 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$36.9210041%41 W · 59 L-9.7wins-0.10per pick51cpaid-25.4%equal weight41-0.08 edge/pick
0x189e…5aaebacked paiN Academy52c72$38 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$37.5218753.5%100 W · 87 L+6.7wins+0.04per pick50cpaid+0.4%equal weight54+0.03 edge/pick
0x7b28…ff4fbacked ALKA42c69.99$29 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$40.61,39752.4%732 W · 665 L+30.6wins+0.02per pick50cpaid-3.8%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x764b…1fafbacked paiN Academy38c66.32$25 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$256241.9%26 W · 36 L-7.1wins-0.11per pick53cpaid-24.7%equal weight41-0.08 edge/pick
0x4e46…8c1cbacked paiN Academy51c64.2$33 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$32.7423654.7%129 W · 107 L+4.6wins+0.02per pick53cpaid+4.4%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0x912e…0eaebacked paiN Academy31c62.76$20 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$19.7136434.1%124 W · 240 L-11.2wins-0.03per pick37cpaid-20.3%equal weight47-0.03 edge/pick
0x5530…d38dbacked paiN Academy39c60$23 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$23.442149.6%209 W · 212 L-1.3wins0.00per pick50cpaid-2.3%equal weight500.00 edge/pick
0x7e59…7b8bbacked ALKA49c59$29 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$29.9676933.8%260 W · 509 L-48.3wins-0.06per pick40cpaid-30.6%equal weight43-0.06 edge/pick
0x08e0…f4a0backed ALKA51c58.82$30 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$28.8284856%475 W · 373 L+31.6wins+0.04per pick52cpaid+9.8%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick
0x8d10…940abacked paiN Academy47c54.38$26 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$25.5625650.4%129 W · 127 L-9.3wins-0.04per pick54cpaid-6%equal weight46-0.03 edge/pick
0xc593…ea8cbacked paiN Academy38c53$20 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$19.9427156.8%154 W · 117 L+13.2wins+0.05per pick52cpaid+4.3%equal weight55+0.04 edge/pick
0xad2c…4eecbacked paiN Academy51c52.65$27 inLost — open this pick on its own page-$26.8551352%267 W · 246 L+9.6wins+0.02per pick50cpaid+1.1%equal weight52+0.02 edge/pick
0xf1f2…8c8dbacked ALKA66c50$33 inWon — open this pick on its own page+$1773553.5%393 W · 342 L+28.0wins+0.04per pick50cpaid-4.1%equal weight54+0.04 edge/pick

Entry is the average price this wallet paid on the side it backed, so being right at 20c is distinguishable from being right at 95c. Position is what it was left holding in shares, with what it spent underneath. Result opens that one pick on a page of its own, which is the link to send somebody. P/L held is what that position would have been worth held to resolution — not cash the wallet withdrew, because selling early is still a correct forecast. The seven columns on the right describe the wallet’s whole record in CS2 and say nothing about this market.

The rest of this event

Polymarket sells these questions together. 3 in all. TailMyPicks has no name for an event — the venue publishes an identifier and no title — so they are listed by their own questions.

Not every trade counts. A Pick has to clear four thresholds to be scored.

TailMyPicks scores a wallet on what it can actually be judged on: positions held to resolution, in markets with enough volume to be real, at prices where being right was not already priced in.

  • The market traded at least $500.
  • The entry price was between 0.00 and 0.80 — a near-certainty is not a call.
  • The position was at least $10 — dust is not a position.
  • The market has resolved, so there is a right answer to grade against.

Thresholds behind these numbers: set by an operator decision, not measured.